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LEVEL BASIC - LESSON 10


FOODS AND DRINKS

Makanan dan Minuman 

 

gambar ilustrasi untuk pelajaran makanan dan minuman

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Pada kesempatan ini kita akan belajar tentang FOODS AND DRINKS. Yuuk, mari kita mulai belajar vocabulary dulu. Hafalkan setiap ejaan (spelling), pengucapan (pronunciation), arti (meaning), dan penggunaan (usage) setiap kata berikut ini.


VOCABULARY
Perbendaharaan kata

FOODS 
Makanan

• butter   = mentega
• cake   = kue
• cheese  = keju
• coffee   = kopi
• sugar   = gula
• vegetables with peanut sauce = gado-gado
• bread  = roti
• chicken noodles = mie ayam
• chicken porridge = bubur ayam
• chili sauce = sambal
• dim sum/dumplings = siomay
• fried chicken   = ayam goreng
• fried crepe  = martabak
• fried noodles = mie goreng
• fried rice = nasi goreng
• meat skewers = sate
• meatballs  = bakso
• soto = meat soup
• steamed stuffed bun = bakpao
• stir-fried vegetables = cap cay
FRUITS



              CONTENT PELAJARAN:
LEVEL:            BASIC                                                                                                        
1.        Greeting
2.       Having Introduction
3.       Command and Prohibition
4.       Request Sentence
5.       Daily Situation and Condition
6.       Describing People
7.       Describing Things
8.       Daily Routines and Activity
9.       Like or Dislike
10.   Foods and Drinks
11.      Jobs
12.    My Family
13.    Numbers
14.    Telling The Time
15.    Things In The Livingroom
16.    Things In School
17.     Things In Bedroom


• apple = apel
• avocado = alpukat
• banana = pisang
• coconut = kelapa
• grape = anggur
• mango = mangga
• mangosteen = manggis
• orange = jeruk
• pineapple = nanas
• starfruit = belimbing
• strawberry = stroberi
• tomato = tomat
• watermelon = semangka


VEGETABLES
Sayuran

• beans = buncis
• broccoli = brokoli
• cabbage = kol
• carrot = wortel
• cauliflower = bunga kol
• chili = cabe
• corn = jagung
• cucumber = ketimun
• eggplant = terong
• garlic = bawang putih
• mushroom = jamur
• onion = bawang
• potato = kentang
• pumpkin = labu
• spinach = bayam
• sweet potato = ubi
• tofu = tahu
• tomato = tomat

MEAT AND SEAFOOD
Daging dan Makanan Laut

• beef = sapi
• catfish lele =
• chicken = ayam
• crab kepiting =
• duck = bebek
• fish = ikan
• lamb/goat = kambing
• meat = daging
• meatball = bakso
• octopus = gurita
• oyster = tiram
• pork = babi
• sausage = sosis
• shrimp = udang
• squid = cumi-cumi
• tuna = ikan tuna


DRINKS
Minuman
• water = air putih
• soda = air soda
• coffee = kopi
• tea = teh
• juice = jus
• milk = susu
• wine = anggur
• beer = bir
• cocktail = koktil
• palm = wine tuak
• whiskey = wiski


GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURE

Tatabahasa yang kita bahas pada sesi ini adalah tentang penggunaan pernyataan jumlah (quantity expression) yang bisa digunakan untuk benda yang dapat dihitung (countable noun) dan benda yang tak dapat dihitung (uncountable noun)


COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Benda Yang Dapat dan Yang Tak Dapat Dihitung

COUNTABLE NOUN

• apple = apel
• avocado = alpukat
• banana = pisang
• coconut = kelapa
• grape = anggur
• mango = mangga
• orange = jeruk
• pineapple = nanas
• starfruit = belimbing
• strawberry = stroberi
• tomato = tomat

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN:
• butter   = mentega
• cake   = kue
• cheese  = keju
• coffee   = kopi
• sugar   = gula
• bread  = roti
• water = air putih
• soda = air soda
• coffee = kopi
• tea = teh
• juice = jus
• milk = susu
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Quantity Expressions
Pernyatan Jumlah

A lot of
Many
Much
Some
Any

A few
A little

a.  a lot of, many, much

     A lot of  -  bisa digunakan untuk menyebutkan banyak benda yang dapat dihitung maupun benda yang tak dapat dihitung pada bentuk kalimat positip (affirmative sentence), dan kalimat tanya. ‘A lot of’ tidak boleh digunakan pada kalimat sangkal (negative sentence).

COUNTABLE NOUN

       Perhatikan bahwa bila ‘a lot of’ digunakan untuk benda yang dapat dihitung, maka benda yang mengikutinya harus bentuk jamak. Untuk kata benda yang beraturan selalu ditambahi –s, atau –es. Contoh:

COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
banana
cookies
orange
egg
soda
cake
bread
apple
chocolate
butter
tomato
lemon
flour
sugar
salt
coffee
tea
milk
cocacola
pear

QUANTITY EXPRESSION
COUNT NOUN
NONCOUNT NOUN
+
?
-
A lot of
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
´
Many
Ö
´
Ö
Ö
Ö
Much
´
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
Some
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
´
Any
Ö
Ö
´
Ö
Ö
A few
Ö
´
Ö
Ö
Ö
A little
´
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö

        AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
1.    I eat a lot of biscuits.
2.    You buy a lot of apples.
3.    Kim sells a lot of mangoes.
4.    Sara cooks a lot of potatoes.
5.    They need a lot of cups.
1.    Do I eat a lot of biscuits?
2.    Do you buy a lot of apples?
3.    Does Kim sell a lot of mangoes?
4.    Does Sara cook a lot of potatoes?
5.    Do they need a lot of cups?

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Kata benda yang tak dapat dihitung tidak memiliki bentuk jamak. Bila ‘a lot of’ digunakan untuk benda yang tak dapat dihitung, maka kata benda tersebut tidak perlu ditambahi –s, atau –es. Contoh:

        AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
1.    I drink a lot of tea.
2.    You buy a lot of sugar.
3.    Kim sells a lot of butter.
4.    Sara cooks a lot of porridge.
5.    They need a lot of money.
1.    Do I drink a lot of tea?
2.    Do you buy a lot of sugar?
3.    Does Kim sell a lot of butter?
4.    Does Sara cook a lot of porridge?
5.    Do They need a lot of money?

Many  -  digunakan hanya untuk benda yang dapat dihitung pada kalimat positip (affirmative sentence), klimat sangkal (negative sentence), dan kalimat tanya (interrogative sentence). Tidak digunakan untuk benda yang tak dapat dihitung.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
1.    I eat many biscuits.
2.    You buy many apples.
3.    Kim sells many mangoes.
4.    Sara cooks many potatoes.
5.    They need many cups.
1.      Do I eat many biscuits?
2.      Do you buy many apples?
3.      Does Kim sell many mangoes?
4.      Does Sara cook many potatoes?
5.      Do they need many cups?
1.    I do not drink many biscuits.
2.    You do not buy many apples.
3.    Kim do not sells many mangoes.
4.    Sara do not cooks many potatoes.
5.    They do not need many cups.

Much  -  digunakan hanya untuk benda yang tak dapat dihiung pada kalimat positip (affirmative sentence), klimat sangkal (negative sentence), dan kalimat tanya (interrogative sentence).  Tidak digunakan untuk benda yang dapat dihitung.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
1.     I drink much tea.
2.     You buy much sugar.
3.     Kim sells much butter.
4.     Sara cooks much porridge.
5.     They need much money.
1.     Do I drink much tea?
2.     Do you buy much sugar?
3.     Does Kim sell much butter?
4.     Does Sara cook much porridge?
5.     Do They need much money?
1.     I do not drink much tea.
2.     You do not buy much sugar.
3.     Kim does not sell much butter.
4.     Sara does not cook much porridge.
5.     They do not need much money.

b.  Some, any

     ‘some’ bisa digunakan baik untuk benda yang dapat dihitung maupun untuk benda yang tidak dapat dihitung pada kalimat positip (affirmative sentence), dan kalimat tanya (interrogative sentence). Tidak digunakan pada kalimat sangkal (neative sentence).

        AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
1.    I eat some biscuits.
2.    You buy some apples.
3.    Kim sells some mangoes.
4.    Benn drinks some coffee.
5.    Sara cooks some porridge.
6.    They need some money.
1.    Do I eat some biscuits?
2.    Do you buy some apples?
3.    Does Kim sell some mangoes?
4.    Does Benn drink some coffee?
5.    Does Sara cook some porridge?
6.    Do they need some money?

‘Any’ bisa digunakan baik untuk benda yang dapat dihitung maupun untuk benda yang tidak dapat dihitung pada kalimat sangkal (negative sentence), dan kalimat tanya (interrogative sentence). Tidak digunakan pada kalimat positip (affirmative sentence).

        NEGATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
1.    I do not eat any biscuits.
2.    You do not buy any apples.
3.    Kim does not sell any  mangoes.
4.    Benn does not drink any  coffee.
5.    Sara does not cook any porridge.
6.    They do not need any  money.
1.    Do I eat any  biscuits?
2.    Do you buy any apples?
3.    Does Kim sell any mangoes?
4.    Does Benn drink any coffee?
5.    Does Sara cook any porridge?
6.    Do they need any  money?

c.  a few, a little

‘A few’ digunakan hanya untuk benda yang dapat dihitung pada kalimat positip (affirmative sentence), kalimat sangkal (negative sentence), dan kalimat tanya (interrogative sentence).

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
1.     I eat a few biscuits.
2.     You buy a few apples.
3.     Kim sells a few  mangoes.
4.     Sara cooks a few potatoes.
5.     They need a few  cups.
1.     Do I eat a few biscuits.?
2.     Do you buy a few apples?
3.     Does Kim sell a few  mangoes?
4.     Does Sara cook a few potatoes?
5.     Do they need a few  cups?
1.     I do not eat a few biscuits.
2.     You do not buy a few apples.
3.     Kim does not sell a few  mangoes.
4.     Sara does not cook a few potatoes.
5.     They do not need a few  cups.

‘A little’  digunakan hanya untuk benda yang tak dapat dihitung pada kalimat positip (affirmative sentence), kalimat sangkal (negative sentence), dan kalimat tanya (interrogative sentence).

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
1.     I drink a little  tea.
2.     You buy a little sugar.
3.     Kim sells a little butter.
4.     Sara cooks a little porridge.
5.     They need a little money.
1.     Do I drink a little tea?
2.     Do you buy a little sugar?
3.     Does Kim sell a little butter?
4.     Does Sara cook a little porridge?
5.     Do They need a little money?
1.     I do not drink a little  tea.
2.     You do not buy a little sugar.
3.     Kim does not sell a little butter.
4.     Sara does not cook a little porridge.
5.     They do not need a little money.

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